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Aspect ratios

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The aspect ratio is the ratio of the projected image's width:height when projected on the screen or printed on the film.


Small Gauges: 8mm, Super 8, etc.

  • Super 8 - 1.36:1
  • 9.5mm - 1.31:1
  • 28mm - 1.36:1

16mm

The 16mm frame has a native full-frame aspect ratio of ~1.34:1. This is the aspect ratio of the vast majority of 16mm prints.


Other 16mm aspect ratios exist, however. Some prints are hard-matted to widescreen aspect ratios like 1.85 and 1.66 (this is seen with some frequency on 16mm reductions of widescreen feature films originally released on 35mm).


Anamorphic 16mm prints also exist. These have an aspect ratio of 2.66:1 (because of the native 1.33 aspect ratio of the frame). Note that this means that anamorphic 16mm reductions of films originally released as 35mm anamorphic will be cropped slightly at the top and bottom of the frame!


16mm was historically used for the distribution of Hollywood releases to nontheatrical venues (schools, prisons, summer camps, etc.) as well as for television broadcast. Further variations related to aspect ratio crop up on prints that were used for these purposes. These include simple cropping of widescreen or CinemaScope images to 16mm's native 1.33 as well as "pan and scan" efforts.


35mm

Aspect Ratio Other names Year of Introduction Image Notes
1.33:1 Silent / Full Frame 1907
1.19:1 Movietone 1926
1.37:1 Academy ratio 1932 Sometimes incorrectly called 1.33
Windowboxed 1.37:1 ?
Projected with a 1.85 lens, these prints are most often rereleases of films made in traditional 1.37 that will be shown in wide release at theaters not outfitted with 1.37 lenses.
1.66:1 1953 Warning: widescreen formats may be soft-matted
1.78:1 Used for films that originated on video.
1.85:1 Flat 1953
Warning: widescreen formats may be soft-matted
2.39:1 CinemaScope / Anamorphic 1953 CinemaScope aspect ratios vary.
  • Determining correct aspect ratios for widescreen, etc.
    • Do not always trust what's written on the can or on the print! If you receive a print that is incorrectly labeled (and you are certain of it) make sure to correct it.
    • Eyeballing and measuring
    • Educated guesses based on year, studio, country, etc
    • Caveat: there is no "correct," historically - so contentious!
    • For films that have been released on DVD or Blu-Ray there is often a lot of information online about the "original" aspect ratio of the film. Sites like IMDB and TCM can be helpful, but always use this information along with one of the above techniques as they are not always correct!

70mm

See Also


External Links