Rewind bench - Revision history

JesseCrooks: /* Best Practices */

2021-01-06T01:10:38Z

Best Practices

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:10, 5 January 2021
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	* Check for bent spindles. Can be straightened out by a machinist, or you can buy new ones. Bouncing can mean the bearings are going bad or you need to replace the pad.		* Check for bent spindles. Can be straightened out by a machinist, or you can buy new ones. Bouncing can mean the bearings are going bad or you need to replace the pad.
	* Speed - Slower is better. When inspecting film, you should be winding it slowly enough that when you stop winding after feeling damage, you don't have to rewind the film to find the damaged section. If you're overshooting, you're winding it too fast.		* Speed - Slower is better. When inspecting film, you should be winding it slowly enough that when you stop winding after feeling damage, you don't have to rewind the film to find the damaged section. If you're overshooting, you're winding it too fast.
	* When using Kelmar tables, 20% motor power is typically appropriate for inspection, while 30% is appropriate for ~~rewind~~. Do not exceed 40%.		* When using Kelmar tables, 20% motor power is typically appropriate for inspection, while 30% is appropriate for rewinding. Do not exceed 40%.
	* Rewinding onto reels that are out of round/not true (slowly but surely…)		* Rewinding onto reels that are out of round/not true (slowly but surely…)
	* Auto-rewind rollers - Using these rollers can ''sometimes'' help to get a tighter wind on warped prints. Make sure the roller is clean if you use it. Never leave rewind bench unattended while film is rewinding.		* Auto-rewind rollers - Using these rollers can ''sometimes'' help to get a tighter wind on warped prints. Make sure the roller is clean if you use it. Never leave rewind bench unattended while film is rewinding.

JesseCrooks: /* Rewind Types */ Added note about spring clamps used for multi-gang rewinds.

2020-12-20T03:39:02Z

Rewind Types: Added note about spring clamps used for multi-gang rewinds.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:39, 19 December 2020
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	Rewind tables designed for projection are typically vertically oriented, and are designed to work with film mounted on [[reels]], with either a [[split reel]] or [[trailer flange\|flange]] required to rewind film mounted on [[core\|cores]]. Rewinds manufactured for film editing may employ a multi-gang design, in which multiple reels are mounted on the same spindle. Inspection tables designed for archival use are often horizontally oriented '''flatbeds''' designed to work with film mounted on cores. In the platter era, some theaters replaced their rewind tables with make-up tables (MUTs) that could rewind film reel-to-reel in addition to spooling to and from the platter.		Rewind tables designed for projection are typically vertically oriented, and are designed to work with film mounted on [[reels]], with either a [[split reel]] or [[trailer flange\|flange]] required to rewind film mounted on [[core\|cores]]. Rewinds manufactured for film editing may employ a multi-gang design, in which multiple reels are mounted on the same spindle. Inspection tables designed for archival use are often horizontally oriented '''flatbeds''' designed to work with film mounted on cores. In the platter era, some theaters replaced their rewind tables with make-up tables (MUTs) that could rewind film reel-to-reel in addition to spooling to and from the platter.

	Vertical rewind tables may have spindles that face the operator (ex., Kelmar tables) or face away from the operator (ex., any hand-crank rewind). The spindles may have clips that fold up to retain the reel on the shaft, or they may be angled so that the reel is kept on the spindle by gravity.		Vertical rewind tables may have spindles that face the operator (ex., Kelmar tables) or face away from the operator (ex., any hand-crank rewind). The spindles may have clips that fold up to retain the reel on the shaft, or they may be angled so that the reel is kept on the spindle by gravity. Rewinds designed to accommodate multiple reels for film editing commonly employ spring clamps to secure the reel or reels on the shaft.

	Some rewinds are designed for use with a single [[film gauges\|film gauge]] and reel size, while others can be used for a variety of gauges and reel sizes. Some rewinds have interchangeable spindles, while others use a single spindle with adjustable drive pins to accommodate different reel styles.		Some rewinds are designed for use with a single [[film gauges\|film gauge]] and reel size, while others can be used for a variety of gauges and reel sizes. Some rewinds have interchangeable spindles, while others use a single spindle with adjustable drive pins to accommodate different reel styles.

JesseCrooks: /* Hand-Crank */ Clarified recommendation for crank arms with or without counterweight.

2020-12-20T03:30:39Z

Hand-Crank: Clarified recommendation for crank arms with or without counterweight.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:30, 19 December 2020
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	**Many people find the most natural holdback technique to be applying friction to the flanges with the palm of your hand. When inspecting film, it may be easier to apply holdback pressure with the back of your hand while holding your thumb and forefinger against the film to check for damage.		**Many people find the most natural holdback technique to be applying friction to the flanges with the palm of your hand. When inspecting film, it may be easier to apply holdback pressure with the back of your hand while holding your thumb and forefinger against the film to check for damage.
	*Hand crank rewinds typically have bearings and metal gears that require periodic lubrication. Look for oil points bored into the casting. If the rewind is noisy, feels like it's grinding, or feels like the gearing has more resistance than usual, it is probably overdue for lubrication.		*Hand crank rewinds typically have bearings and metal gears that require periodic lubrication. Look for oil points bored into the casting. If the rewind is noisy, feels like it's grinding, or feels like the gearing has more resistance than usual, it is probably overdue for lubrication.
	*When stopping to inspect film, disengage the crank arm or wind it so that the arm is facing down. If left engaged in an upwards position, the weight of the arm may cause it to fall, thereby turning the reel.		*When stopping to inspect film, disengage the crank arm or, for crank arms without a counterweight, wind it so that the arm is facing down. If left engaged in an upwards position, the weight of the arm may cause it to fall, thereby turning the reel.
	*Motorized rewinds are typically better suited for inspection, since the operator’s left hand is free to hold the film without having to also regulate feed tension. When using hand rewinds to transfer film from an improper storage format for which the tension can’t be properly regulated on a motorized rewind (ex., trailers on a 1” core or trailers with no core), consider simply using the hand rewinds to mount the film onto a proper core or reel, and then using motorized rewinds to perform a careful inspection.		*Motorized rewinds are typically better suited for inspection, since the operator’s left hand is free to hold the film without having to also regulate feed tension. When using hand rewinds to transfer film from an improper storage format for which the tension can’t be properly regulated on a motorized rewind (ex., trailers on a 1” core or trailers with no core), consider simply using the hand rewinds to mount the film onto a proper core or reel, and then using motorized rewinds to perform a careful inspection.

JesseCrooks: Added section on alignment.

2020-05-19T23:05:47Z

Added section on alignment.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 19 May 2020
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	===16mm===		===16mm===
	Spindles designed primarily for 16mm use shafts with a square base. Most 16mm reels can be rewound using a 5/16” keyed shaft.		Spindles designed primarily for 16mm use shafts with a square base. Most 16mm reels can be rewound using a 5/16” keyed shaft.

			==Alignment==
			Rewinds should be aligned so that films spools between them as evenly as possible. To test alignment, use two house reels that you know to be true (no wobble or bent flanges). Spool test film between them a number of times to make sure the film isn’t kissing against the flanges. Adjust the position of the rewinds as necessary.

			It was once common practice in projection booths and film exchanges to intentionally misalign rewinds so that the flange of the take-up reel would guide the film, ensuring a smooth wind. This should be avoided because it can damage the film, especially if there are any burrs on the flanges.

			However, even on a perfectly aligned rewind table, the lateral alignment of the film path will vary based on the style of reel or film transfer flange on which the film is mounted, with the inboard film edge offset from the back of the spindle by the depth of the flange. For example, an aluminum house reel has thicker flanges than a split reel, so the film on the house reel will be slightly further away from the back of the spindle than the film on the split reel. It is important to understand this bias when winding film between reels of different types. When spooling from a house reel to a split reel or shipping reel, the film may kiss against the outboard edge. When spooling from a split reel or shipping reel to a house reel, the film may kiss against the inboard edge.

	==Best Practices==		==Best Practices==

JesseCrooks: Added photos. Moved photo of Kelmar motor control to "Motorized" section.

2020-05-16T19:57:11Z

Added photos. Moved photo of Kelmar motor control to "Motorized" section.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 16 May 2020
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	[[File:~~rewind controls sm~~.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\| Rewind ~~controls on~~ a ~~Kelmar rewind table~~]]		[[File:Rewind table c1930.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|Rewind bench in a c.1930 booth.]]

	A '''rewind bench''' or '''rewind table''' is a workspace for rewinding, inspecting, and repairing film. Rewind benches come in many forms, ranging from a pair of hand-crank rewinds clamped to a portable table to purpose-built systems with more advanced features. At the bare minimum, a rewind table should have a pair of rewinds, a light table (either built-in or portable), and room for a [[splicer]] and other [[inspection]] tools.		A '''rewind bench''' or '''rewind table''' is a workspace for rewinding, inspecting, and repairing film. Rewind benches come in many forms, ranging from a pair of hand-crank rewinds clamped to a portable table to purpose-built systems with more advanced features. At the bare minimum, a rewind table should have a pair of rewinds, a light table (either built-in or portable), and room for a [[splicer]] and other [[inspection]] tools.
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	===Hand-Crank===		===Hand-Crank===
			[[File:Hand-crank rewinds.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px]]
			[[File:Neumade Dynamic X-3 brake mechanism.JPG\|right\|thumb\|300px\|A Neumade Dynamic X-3 brake mechanism. The brake paddle presses a U-shaped piece of felt against a collar on the end of the spindle shaft (not pictured) to apply hold-back tension. For hands-free use, a bolt can passed through the hole in the center of the paddle and the table, with a wingnut on the top of the bolt to regulate brake pressure.]]

	The most basic rewinds consist of a geared end that is manually driven by a hand crank and a dummy end on which the feed tension is regulated by applying friction to the reel by hand. The dummy end may also have a hand brake or another mechanism to regulate feed tension. The tension settings on hand-crank rewinds can be very rudimentary, such as a spring providing metal-on-metal friction on the back of the feed spindle or a brake paddle with a small piece of leather that is pressed against a wheel on the feed shaft. In many cases more satisfactory results can be achieved by applying friction to the feed reel by hand.		The most basic rewinds consist of a geared end that is manually driven by a hand crank and a dummy end on which the feed tension is regulated by applying friction to the reel by hand. The dummy end may also have a hand brake or another mechanism to regulate feed tension. The tension settings on hand-crank rewinds can be very rudimentary, such as a spring providing metal-on-metal friction on the back of the feed spindle or a brake paddle with a small piece of leather that is pressed against a wheel on the feed shaft. In many cases more satisfactory results can be achieved by applying friction to the feed reel by hand.

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	===Motorized===		===Motorized===
			[[File:rewind controls sm.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\| Rewind controls on a Kelmar rewind table]]
	On many rewind tables, the drive end is motorized. Ideally, the motor should be variable speed and capable of slowly ramping up and ramping down. Single speed motors WILL damage film and should never be used. The motor speed should always be gradually increased and decreased to be gentle on the film.		On many rewind tables, the drive end is motorized. Ideally, the motor should be variable speed and capable of slowly ramping up and ramping down. Single speed motors WILL damage film and should never be used. The motor speed should always be gradually increased and decreased to be gentle on the film.

JesseCrooks: Added note about MUTs replacing rewind tables.

2020-05-15T23:58:10Z

Added note about MUTs replacing rewind tables.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:58, 15 May 2020
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	==Rewind Types==		==Rewind Types==
	Rewind tables designed for projection are typically vertically oriented, and are designed to work with film mounted on [[reels]], with either a [[split reel]] or [[trailer flange\|flange]] required to rewind film mounted on [[core\|cores]]. Rewinds manufactured for film editing may employ a multi-gang design, in which multiple reels are mounted on the same spindle. Inspection tables designed for archival use are often horizontally oriented '''flatbeds''' designed to work with film mounted on cores.		Rewind tables designed for projection are typically vertically oriented, and are designed to work with film mounted on [[reels]], with either a [[split reel]] or [[trailer flange\|flange]] required to rewind film mounted on [[core\|cores]]. Rewinds manufactured for film editing may employ a multi-gang design, in which multiple reels are mounted on the same spindle. Inspection tables designed for archival use are often horizontally oriented '''flatbeds''' designed to work with film mounted on cores. In the platter era, some theaters replaced their rewind tables with make-up tables (MUTs) that could rewind film reel-to-reel in addition to spooling to and from the platter.

	Vertical rewind tables may have spindles that face the operator (ex., Kelmar tables) or face away from the operator (ex., any hand-crank rewind). The spindles may have clips that fold up to retain the reel on the shaft, or they may be angled so that the reel is kept on the spindle by gravity.		Vertical rewind tables may have spindles that face the operator (ex., Kelmar tables) or face away from the operator (ex., any hand-crank rewind). The spindles may have clips that fold up to retain the reel on the shaft, or they may be angled so that the reel is kept on the spindle by gravity.

JesseCrooks: /* Best Practices */ Clarified that "auto stop" referred to the roller arm. Corrected italicization.

2020-05-14T00:12:43Z

Best Practices: Clarified that "auto stop" referred to the roller arm. Corrected italicization.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:12, 13 May 2020
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	* When using Kelmar tables, 20% motor power is typically appropriate for inspection, while 30% is appropriate for rewind. Do not exceed 40%.		* When using Kelmar tables, 20% motor power is typically appropriate for inspection, while 30% is appropriate for rewind. Do not exceed 40%.
	* Rewinding onto reels that are out of round/not true (slowly but surely…)		* Rewinding onto reels that are out of round/not true (slowly but surely…)
	* Auto ~~Stop~~ - It can ~~“sometimes”~~ help to get a tighter wind on warped prints~~, make~~ sure the roller is clean if you use it. Never leave rewind bench unattended while film is rewinding.		* Auto-rewind rollers - Using these rollers can ''sometimes'' help to get a tighter wind on warped prints. Make sure the roller is clean if you use it. Never leave rewind bench unattended while film is rewinding.
	* Common problems: ''telescoping'' and ''cinching'' on loosely wound prints, ''proud edges'' (when some edges are raised or sticking out of the reel). Never ship a print with proud edges on the reel, they can be crushed easily and cause edge damage.		* Common problems: ''telescoping'' and ''cinching'' on loosely wound prints, ''proud edges'' (when some edges are raised or sticking out of the reel). Never ship a print with proud edges on the reel, they can be crushed easily and cause edge damage.
	* Tension winds: Learn how to do a tension wind (i.e wind the film onto the core of the reel WITHOUT putting the end of the film into the slots. NEVER tape the film to the reel or core. Use a tension wind for the take up reels on your projectors as well.		* Tension winds: Learn how to do a tension wind (i.e wind the film onto the core of the reel WITHOUT putting the end of the film into the slots. NEVER tape the film to the reel or core. Use a tension wind for the take up reels on your projectors as well.

JesseCrooks: /* Best Practices */

2020-05-14T00:07:46Z

Best Practices

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:07, 13 May 2020
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	* Having trouble getting a warped film to wind? Trying winding it over/over or under/under. Make sure it’s not rubbing against the side of the reel.		* Having trouble getting a warped film to wind? Trying winding it over/over or under/under. Make sure it’s not rubbing against the side of the reel.
	* Check for bent spindles. Can be straightened out by a machinist, or you can buy new ones. Bouncing can mean the bearings are going bad or you need to replace the pad.		* Check for bent spindles. Can be straightened out by a machinist, or you can buy new ones. Bouncing can mean the bearings are going bad or you need to replace the pad.
	* Speed - Slower is better. When inspecting film, you should be winding it slowly enough that you ~~do not~~ have to rewind ~~after feeling damage~~. If you're overshooting, you're winding it to fast.		* Speed - Slower is better. When inspecting film, you should be winding it slowly enough that when you stop winding after feeling damage, you don't have to rewind the film to find the damaged section. If you're overshooting, you're winding it too fast.
	* When using Kelmar tables, 20% motor power is typically appropriate for inspection, while 30% is appropriate for rewind. Do not exceed 40%.		* When using Kelmar tables, 20% motor power is typically appropriate for inspection, while 30% is appropriate for rewind. Do not exceed 40%.
	* Rewinding onto reels that are out of round/not true (slowly but surely…)		* Rewinding onto reels that are out of round/not true (slowly but surely…)

JesseCrooks: /* Best Practices */

2020-05-14T00:05:16Z

Best Practices

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 13 May 2020
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	* Be very careful when winding film that is loosely wound onto another reel, if too much tension is put on the film it will become cinched. THIS DAMAGE IS IRREVERSIBLE as dirt is embedded into the emulsion.		* Be very careful when winding film that is loosely wound onto another reel, if too much tension is put on the film it will become cinched. THIS DAMAGE IS IRREVERSIBLE as dirt is embedded into the emulsion.
	* Keep it Clean: your rewind table is not your desk. We know booths can be very small, but keep your rewind table tidy and free of dust, and give yourself room to work.		* Keep it Clean: your rewind table is not your desk. We know booths can be very small, but keep your rewind table tidy and free of dust, and give yourself room to work.
	* Tension: check your tension, change it depending on film gauge, size ~~of reel~~ etc.		* Tension: check your tension, change it depending on film gauge, reel size, etc.
	* Check the pads often on the Kelmar rewind arm, if they get worn down they need to be replaced. Do not get oil on the pads! The same goes for the Kelmar arms on your projector.		* Check the pads often on the Kelmar rewind arm, if they get worn down they need to be replaced. Do not get oil on the pads! The same goes for the Kelmar arms on your projector.
	* Having trouble getting a warped film to wind? Trying winding it over/over or under/under. Make sure it’s not rubbing against the side of the reel.		* Having trouble getting a warped film to wind? Trying winding it over/over or under/under. Make sure it’s not rubbing against the side of the reel.

JesseCrooks: /* Best Practices */

2020-05-14T00:03:05Z

Best Practices

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:03, 13 May 2020
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	==Best Practices==		==Best Practices==
	No matter what type of rewind equipment you are using, it is essential that even speed and tension be maintained on the take up and feed reels at all ~~time~~. Always be checking your reels and spindles to make sure they are true and not bent or warped. If you're using a Kelmar table check to make sure the pads aren't worn down. The rewind table is one of the main places that prints are damaged! Never leave winding film unattended.		No matter what type of rewind equipment you are using, it is essential that even speed and tension be maintained on the take up and feed reels at all times. Always be checking your reels and spindles to make sure they are true and not bent or warped. If you're using a Kelmar table check to make sure the pads aren't worn down. The rewind table is one of the main places that prints are damaged! Never leave winding film unattended.
	* Be very careful when winding film that is loosely wound onto another reel, if too much tension is put on the film it will become cinched. THIS DAMAGE IS IRREVERSIBLE as dirt is embedded into the emulsion.		* Be very careful when winding film that is loosely wound onto another reel, if too much tension is put on the film it will become cinched. THIS DAMAGE IS IRREVERSIBLE as dirt is embedded into the emulsion.
	* Keep it Clean: your rewind table is not your desk. We know booths can be very small, but keep your rewind table tidy and free of dust, and give yourself room to work.		* Keep it Clean: your rewind table is not your desk. We know booths can be very small, but keep your rewind table tidy and free of dust, and give yourself room to work.