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'''A glossary of common words and technical terminology used by projectionists and film exhibitors — in many languages.'''
'''A glossary of common words and technical terminology used by projectionists and film exhibitors — in many languages.'''
This glossary is intended to help anyone searching for information about analog film projection and exhibition locate resources in non-English languages. It was created to support keyword searches used in developing the [[List_of_analog_film_exhibitors|Analog Film Exhibitors Directory]].
'''Disclaimer''': This list may contain inaccuracies - Sprocket School editors are mainly native English speakers and are creating it based on internet research, words on film leader and film can labels, and conversations with other projectionists.


* Get in touch if you have a suggestion or correction: info@sprocketschool.org
* Get in touch if you have a suggestion or correction: info@sprocketschool.org


* '''Disclaimer''': This list may contain inaccuracies - Sprocket School editors are mainly native English speakers and are creating it based on internet research, words on film leader and film can labels, and conversations with other projectionists.


=External Resources=
=External Resources=
Line 13: Line 16:
=Glossary=
=Glossary=


==A==
==Amharic (Ethiopia)==
 
* '''35mm''' – 35ሚሜ
===Acetate===
* '''celluloid''' – ሴሊሎይድ
* Japanese - アセテート
* '''cinema''' – ሲኒማ or ሲንማ
 
* '''film''' – ፊልም
===Analog===
* '''theater''' – ቲያትር
* Japanese - アナログ
* Spanish - analógico
 
===Anamorphic===
* Japanese - アナモフィック
* Spanish - anamorfico
 
===Aperture plate===
* Japanese - 開口プレート
 
===Archive===
* Japanese - アーカイブ
 
===Archivist===
 
===Aspect ratio===
* Slovak - obrazovy formát / formát obrazového pole
* Japanese - アスペクト比
 
===Audio===
* Slovak - zvuk
 
===Auditorium===
—see also Movie theater
 
==B==
 
===Base (of film)===
 
==C==
 
===Changeover===
 
===Celluloid===
* Spanish - celuloide
 
===Cue mark===
 
===Carbon arc===
 
===Cinema===
— see also Movie theater
 
===Countdown===
 
==D==
 
===Douser===
 
===Drive-In movie theater===
 
==E==
 
===Emulsion===
 
===Exciter lamp===
 
===Exhibitor===
 
==F==
 
===Feature===
 
===Film===
— see also Movie
— see also Film print
 
===Film collection===
 
===Film distributor===
 
===Film format===
* Slovak - nosič
 
===Film gate===
— see Gate
 
===Film gauge===
— see Film format
 
===Film lab===


===Film print===
==Belarusian==
* Slovak - filmového materiálu
* '''movie theater''' — Кінатэатр
* '''projector''' – проектор


===Focus===
==Bulgarian==
* '''celluloid''' — Целулоѝдът
* '''cinema''' – Синема
* '''movie theater''' — Киносалон


===Frame===
==Albanian==
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — kino / kinema / bioskopi / filmteatri


==G==
==Arabic==
* '''16mm''' – ١٦ ملم
* '''35mm''' — 35 ملم or ٣٥ ملم
* '''35mm film''' – فيلم ٣٥ملم
* '''70mm''' – ٧٠ ملم
* '''celluloid''' — سيلولويد
* '''a movie''' — فيلم
* '''movies''' — أفلام
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — سينما or صالة سينمائية or just صالة
* '''screen''' — شاشة عرض
* '''theater''' — مسرح


===Gate (projector part)===
==Cantonese==
* '''a movie''' — 片 or 電影
* '''film''' — 菲林
* '''projection screen''' — 投影幕
* '''theater''' — 戲院
* '''projector''' — 投影機
* '''projection''' — 投射


===Grain===
==Catalan==
* Spanish - grano
* '''movie theater''' — sala de cinema / cinema
* '''screen''' — pantalla de projecció


==H==
==Chinese==
* '''16mm''' – 16毫米 or 十六 毫米
* '''35mm''' — 35毫米 or sometimes 35釐米 or 三十五 毫米
* '''35mm projector''' – 三十五毫米放映機
* '''a movie''' — 电影 or 電影
* '''celluloid''' — 賽璐珞
* '''movie theater''' — 电影院
* '''projector''' – 放映機
* '''screening''' – 放映


==I==
==Croatian==
* '''35mm film''' – 35mm vrpci
* '''movie theater''' — kino


===Inspection===
==Czech==
* Slovak - kontrole
* '''celluloid''' — celuloid
* '''movie theater''' — kino
* '''projector''' – promítačka
* '''film''' (the material; lit. "strip") – pásu


==J==
==Danish==
* '''celluloid''' — celluloid
* '''film projector''' — filmfremviser
* '''movie theater''' — biograf


==K==
==Dutch==
* '''celluloid''' — celluloid
* '''movie theater''' — bioscoop
* '''screen''' — projectiescherm


==L==
==Estonian==
* '''movie theater''' — kino


===Lamphouse===
==Finnish==
* '''celluloid''' — selluloidi
* '''film print''' – filmikopiona / filmikopio
* '''a movie''' — elokuva
* '''motion picture film''' — kinofilmi
* '''movie theater''' — elokuvateatteri
* '''screen''' — valkokangas


===Leader===
==French==
* '''photochemical''' or '''analog''' – argentique
* '''celluloid''' — celluloïd
* '''cue mark''' — repère de changement de bobine
* '''projectionist''' — projectionniste
* '''reel''' — bobine
* '''screening''' – projection
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — salle de cinéma / cinéma


===Lens===
==Gaelic==
* Spanish - lente
* '''movie theater''' — pictiúrlann


==M==
==German==
* '''analog''' – analoge
* '''celluloid''' — Zelluloid
* '''changeover''' — Überblendung
* '''core''' (for winding film) — Wickelkern / Bobby
* '''film projector''' — Filmprojektor / Laufbildprojektor / Projektor
* '''frame line''' — Bildstrich
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — Kino
* '''projectionist''' — Filmvorführer
* '''reel''' — Spule
* '''print''' (film) — kopie
* '''projection booth''' — Bildwerferraum
* '''screen''' — Bildwand
* '''screen''' — Leinwand
* '''screen''' — Projektionswand
* '''splicer''' — Klebepressen


===Marquee===
==Hausa==
* '''the big screen''' — babban allon
* '''cinema''' — Sinima
* '''movie''' — fim
* '''movies''' — fina-finan / fina-finai
* '''movie theaters''' — gidajen fina-finai
* '''movie theaters''' — gidajen sinima


===Masking===
==Hebrew==
* '''35mm''' – 35 מ"מ
* '''celluloid''' — צלולואיד
* '''film print''' – עותק פילם
* '''movie theater''' — בית קולנוע


===Movie===
==Hindi==
* Japanese - 映画
* '''35mm''' — 35 ​मिमी
* '''analog''' — एनालॉग
* '''archive''' — पुरालेख
* '''a movie''' or '''film''' (the material) — फ़िल्म
* '''movie''' — चलचित्र
* '''movie projector''' — चलचित्र प्रक्षेपित्र or मूवी प्रोजेक्टर
* '''Bollywood''' — बॉलीवुड
* '''cinema''' — सिनेमा
* '''celluloid''' — सेलुलॉइड
* '''film format''' — फिल्म प्रारूप
* '''silent films''' / '''silent film''' — मूक फिल्म / मूक फिल्मों
* '''theater''' — थिएटर


===Movie theater===
==Hungarian==
* Albanian - kino / kinema / bioskopi / filmteatri
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — filmszínház
* Arabic - سينما
* '''projection''' — vetités
* Azerbaijani - kinoteatr
* '''reel''' — tekercs (plural: tekercset)
* Bambara - sinima
* Belarusian - Кінатэатр
* Bulgarian - Киносалон
* Cheyenne - môxe’a’xémâhéó’o
* Chinese - 电影院
* Croation - kino
* Czech - kino
* Catalan - sala de cinema / cinema
* Danish - biograf
* Dutch - bioscoop
* Estonian - kino
* Esperanto - kinejo
* Finnish - elokuvateatteri
* French - salle de cinéma / cinéma
* Gaelic - pictiúrlann
* German - Kino
* Hebrew - בית קולנוע
* Hungarian - filmszínház
* Icelandic - kvikmyndahús
* Indonesian - bioskop
* Italian - cinema / sala cinematografica
* Japanese - 映画館
* Javanese - biyoskup
* Korean - 영화관
* Ladino - Filmo
* Latin - cinemateum
* Latvian - kinoteātris
* Lithuanian - kino teatras
* Luxembourgish - Kino
* Macedonian - Кино
* Malay - pawagam / panggung wayang gambar
* Mongolian - Кинотеатр
* Norwegian - kino
* Pashto - سينما
* Persian - سینما
* Polish - kino
* Portuguese - sala de cinema / cinema
* Romanian - cinematograf / sală de cinema
* Russian - Кинотеатр
* Serbian - Биоскоп / кино
* Slovak - kino
* Slovenian - kino
* Spanish - sala de proyección / sala de cine / cine
* Sudanese - bioskop
* Swahili - jumba la sinema
* Swedish - biograf
* Tagalog - sinehan
* Thai - โรงภาพยนตร
* Turkish - sinema
* Ukranian - Кінотеа́тр
* Uzbek - kinematógraf
* Vietnamese - rạp chiếu phim
* Welsh - sinema
* Wolof - sinemaa
* Yiddish - קינא
* Zulu - ibhayisikobho


===Multiplex===
==Icelandic==
* '''a film''' or '''movie''' – kvikmynd or kvikmyndina
* '''film''' – filmu
* '''movie theater''' — kvikmyndahús or bíó
* '''theater''' – leikhús


==N==
==Indonesian==
* '''celluloid''' — seluloid
* '''movie theater''' — bioskop
* '''outdoor film screening''' (specific Indonesian tradition) — layar tancep
* '''film print''' — cetakan
* '''projector''' — proyektor
* '''projectionist''' — operator projektor
* '''roll of film''' — gulungan film
* '''screen''' — layar
* '''film screening''' – penayangan film
* '''tape''' (like "film strip") – pita


===Nitrate===
==Italian==
* '''celluloid''' — celluloide
* '''cue mark''' — bollini di sincronizzazione / segnali di coda
* '''film''' – pellicola
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — cinema / sala cinematografica
* '''projectionist''' — proiezionista


==O==
== Japanese ==
* '''35mm''' — 35ミリ
* '''acetate''' — アセテート
* '''analog''' — アナログ
* '''anamorphic''' — アナモフィック
* '''aperture plate''' — 開口プレート
* '''archive''' — アーカイブ
* '''aspect ratio''' — アスペクト比
* '''celluloid''' — セルロイド
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_theater mini theater]''' — ミニシアター
* '''movie''' — 映画 or 電影
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — 映画館
* '''print''' – プリント
* '''projection''' —  映写
* '''projectionist''' — 映写技師
* '''projector''' (specifically movie projectors) — 映写機
* '''projector''' (more general term) — プロジェクタ
* '''reel''' — フィルム一巻 or リール
* '''screen''' — スクリーン
* '''screening''' – 上映


==P==
==Javanese==
* '''movie theater''' — biyoskup


===Pad roller===
==Korean==
* '''celluloid''' — 셀룰로이드
* '''a movie''' — 영화
* '''movie theater''' — 영화관
* '''screen''' — 스크린
* '''screening''' – 상영


===Pedestal===
==Latvian==
* '''movie theater''' — kinoteātris
* '''tape''' (as synonym for film) – lentes


===Projection===
==Lithuanian==
* Hungarian - vetités
* '''celluloid''' – celiulioidinės
* Japanese - 映写
* '''cinema''' — kino / kinui / kinas
* Spanish - proyección
* '''film''' — filmas / filmai / filmo / filmus / filmais / filmų / filmams
* '''movie theater''' — kino teatras
* '''screenings''' — peržiūrų
* '''strip''' (like a strip of film) — juostos or juostas or juostų or juostoje or juostomis


===Projection booth===
==Luxembourgish==
* Slovak - promitací kabina
* '''movie theater''' — Kino
* Spanish - cabina de proyección / cabina / caseta


===Projectionist===
==Norwegian==
* French - projectionniste
* '''movie theater''' — kino
* German - Filmvorführer
* Italian - proiezionista
* Japanese - 映写技師
* Slovak - promítač
* Spanish - proyeccionista / operador de cine
* Swedish - biografmaskinist


===Projector===
==Macedonian==
* Japanese - 映写機 (note: specifically means movie projectors)
* '''movie theater''' — Кино
* Japanese - プロジェクター (note: more general term)
* Spanish - proyector


==Q==
==Malay==
* '''movie theater''' — pawagam / panggung wayang gambar
* '''screened''' — ditayangkan


==R==
==Persian==
* '''16mm''' – ۱۶ میلی‌متری
* '''35mm''' – ۳۵ میلی‌متری
* '''70mm''' – ۷۰ میلی‌متری
* '''acetate''' – استات
* '''cinematheque''' – سینماتک
* '''cinema''' – سینمای or سینما
* '''emulsion''' – امولسیون
* '''festival''' / '''festivals''' – جشنواره‌های / جشنواره
* '''a movie''' — فیلم
* '''movies''' – فیلم‌های or فیلم‌هایی
* '''movie theater''' — سینما
* '''projector''' – پروژکتور
* '''screening''' – نمایش
* '''tape''' / '''tapes''' (as a synonym for films) – نوارهای / نوار
* '''theater''' / '''theaters''' – تئاتر / تئاترها


===Rectifier===
==Polish==
* '''celluloid''' — celuloid
* '''film print''' – kopii filmowej
* '''motion picture film stock''' — taśma filmowa
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — kino
* '''reels''' – rolek
* '''screen''' — ekran kinowy / ekran projekcyjny
* '''screening''' – projekcję / projekcja
* '''tape''' (as a synonym for film) – taśmą


===Reel===
==Portuguese==
* French - bobine
* '''a movie''' — filme / fita / película
* Hungarian - tekercs (plural: tekercset)
* '''celluloid''' — celuloide
* Japanese - フィルム一巻／リール
* '''movie theater''' — sala de cinema / cinema
* Spanish - rollo


===Rewind===
==Romanian==
* '''movie theater''' — cinematograf / sală de cinema


==S==
==Russian==
* '''35mm''' — 35-мм
* '''analog''' – аналогового
* '''film''' / '''films''' – пленка / плёнки
* '''film projection''' – кинопоказа
* '''a movie''' / '''movies''' — Фильм / фильмы
* '''celluloid''' — Целлулоид
* '''movie theater''' — Кинотеатр or кинотеатре
* '''movie projector''' / '''projector''' – кинопроектора / проектора
* '''a print''' / '''prints''' — копия / копий
* '''a screening''' / '''screenings''' – Показ / Показы
* '''tape''' / '''tapes''' (in the sense of "a reel of film") – лента / лент


===Screen===
==Serbian==
* Arabic - شاشة عرض
* '''movie theater''' — Биоскоп / кино
* Catalan - pantalla de projecció
* Dutch - projectiescherm
* Finnish - valkokangas
* German - Bildwand
* German - Leinwand
* German - Projektionswand
* Japanese - スクリーン
* Korean - 스크린
* Polish - ekran kinowy / ekran projekcyjny
* Spanish - pantalla de proyección
* Swedish - filmduk (plural: filmduken)
* Vietnamese - màn chiếu


===Screening===
==Spanish==
* Slovak - predstavení
* '''analog''' — analógico
* '''anamorphic''' — anamorfico
* '''celluloid''' — celuloide
* '''film''' (lit. tape) – cinta
* '''grain''' — grano
* '''lens''' — lente
* '''a movie''' — película / film / filme / peli
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — sala de proyección / sala de cine / cine
* '''projection''' — proyección
* '''projection booth''' — cabina de proyección / cabina / caseta
* '''projectionist''' — proyeccionista / operador de cine
* '''projector''' — proyector
* '''reel''' — rollo
* '''screen''' — pantalla de proyección


===Shutter===
==Slovak==
''Much of this information is from reading inspection forms that came from a Slovak film distributor''
* '''aspect ratio''' — obrazovy formát / formát obrazového pole
* '''audio''' — zvuk
* '''celluloid''' — celuloid
* '''film format''' — nosič
* '''film print''' — filmového materiálu
* '''inspection''' — kontrole
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — kino
* '''screening''' — predstavení
* '''soundtrack''' — stopa
* '''splice''' — nalepené ukázky
* '''projection booth''' — promitací kabina
* '''projectionist''' — promítač


===Soundtrack===
==Slovenian==
* Slovak - stopa
* '''movie theater''' — kino


===Splice===
==Sudanese==
* Slovak - nalepené ukázky
* '''movie theater''' — bioskop


===Splicer===
==Swahili==
* '''a movie''' — filamu
* '''movie theater''' — jumba la sinema


===Sprocket===
==Swedish==
* '''aperture plate''' — bildfönster
* '''aspect ratio''' — bildformat
* '''auditorium''' — biografsalong, salong
* '''base side''' (film) — blanksida
* '''celluloid''' — celluloid
* '''changeover''' — skifte
* '''continuous sprockets''' — matarhjul
* '''core''' (for winding film) — bobin
* '''cue mark''' — skiftmärke
* '''emulsion side''' — emulsionssida
* '''film projector''' — filmprojektor, projektor
* '''focus'''  — skärpa
* '''frame line''' — bildskillnadsstreck
* '''geneva drive''' —  malteserkors
* '''ghosting''' — bländarsläp
* '''inspection''' — syning
* '''interlocking''' — samkörning
* '''intermittent sprocket''' — framkastarhjul
* '''lamphouse''' — lamphus
* '''leader''' — startsladd
* '''lens''' — objektiv
* '''magnetic sound'''  — magnetljud
* '''masking (at screen)'''  — dukmask
* '''movie''' — film
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — biograf, bio
* '''platter system'''  — non-rewind, vinda
* '''port window''' — projektionsglugg, projektionsfönster
* '''print''' — filmkopia, kopia
* '''projection booth''' — maskinrum
* '''projectionist''' — biografmaskinist, maskinist
* '''rectifier''' — likriktare
* '''reel''' — akt
* '''reel''' (spool) — filmhjul
* '''reflector''' — spegel
* '''rewind bench'''  — spolbord
* '''screen''' — filmduk, duk
* '''shutter''' — bländare
* '''silent film''' — stumfilm
* '''sound format''' — ljudformat
* '''soundtrack''' — ljudspår
* '''splice''' — skarva
* '''splicer''' — skarvapparat
* '''splicing tape''' — skarvtejp
* '''split reel''' — stickhjul
* '''subtitles''' — undertext, text
* (to) '''thread''' — ladda
* '''xenon short-arc lamp''' — xenon-kolv, xenon-lampa


==T==
==Tagalog==
* '''auditorium''' — awditoryum
* '''a movie''' — pelikula
* '''cinema''' or '''movies''' — pelikulang
* '''film''' (the material) — pilm
* '''film projector''' — aparato ng sine
* '''movie theater''' — sinehan / sine
* '''screened''' — ipinalabas
* '''show''' (a movie) — ipinapakita
* '''project''' (a movie) — ipinapalabas
* '''projector''' — prodyektor
* '''silent film''' — pelikulang tahimik


===Take-up===
==Tamil==
* '''a movie''' — திரைப்படம்
* '''celluloid''' — செலுலாயிடு


===Trailer===
==Thai==
* '''35mm''' — 35 มิลลิเมตร or 35 มม
* '''cinema''' or '''movie(s)''' — ภาพยนตร์ or หนัง or ฟิล์ม
* '''film archive''' — หอภาพยนตร์
* '''film system''' (as in "film projection system") – ระบบฟิล์ม
* '''movie theater''' — โรงภาพยนตร
* '''project''' – ฉาย


==U==
==Turkish==
* '''celluloid''' — selüloit
* '''movie theater''' — sinema


==V==
==Ukrainian==
* '''35mm''' — 35 мм
* '''celluloid''' — Целулоїд
* '''movie theater''' — Кінотеа́тр


===Volume (sound level)===
==Vietnamese==
* '''cinema''' – chiếu
* '''a movie''' — bộ phim
* '''motion picture film''' — phim nhựa
* '''movie theater''' — rạp chiếu phim
* '''screen''' — màn chiếu


==W==
==Welsh==
* '''movie theater''' — sinema


==X==
==Wolof==
* '''movie theater''' — sinemaa


===Xenon===
==Yoruba==
* '''cinema''' — sinima
* '''movie''' — filmu


==Y==
==Zulu==
* '''a movie''' — ifilimu
* '''movie theater''' / '''cinema''' — ibhayisikobho


==Z==
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